What type of circuit element opposes rates of change of voltage?

The correct answer is the capacitor. A capacitor is a circuit element that opposes changes in voltage across its terminals. It achieves this by storing electrical energy in an electric field when a voltage is applied. According to the fundamental behavior of capacitors, the current flowing through a capacitor is related to the rate of change of voltage across it. Specifically, the current ((I)) through a capacitor is directly proportional to the rate of change of voltage ((dV/dt)) and can be described by the equation (I = C \cdot (dV/dt)), where (C) is the capacitance.

This relationship indicates that if the voltage changes rapidly, the capacitor will draw or supply a significant current to oppose that change. Conversely, if the voltage remains constant, the capacitor will eventually allow no current to flow because it has charged to the applied voltage and thus opposes any further change.

On the other hand, resistors oppose the flow of current, rather than changes in voltage. Inductors oppose changes in current through them, as they store energy in a magnetic field, but they do not directly oppose changes in voltage. Transformers are devices used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction,